In order to move around, we require adequate muscle strength, motor control and balance. Locomotion includes the ability to sit down and stand up, to get up and down from the floor, and to move around in an environment by walking and ascending or descending steps.

Muscle strength gradually deteriorates with age, while degenerative conditions such as arthritis and Parkinson’s disease further limit joint mobility and muscle control. The arms are also more likely to be employed to compensate for impairment of strength and balance.

The reduction in visual ability with age also causes problems with moving around an environment. Coupled with reduced muscular strength, it can be difficult for older and disabled people to move around with speed and agility.

Temporary loss of locomotion ability can also occur due to sprained ankles, knee problems, or falls. A sudden loss of locomotion ability may be caused by lower limb amputation, immobilisation, or a stroke. While intense training and assistive devices can help to gradually improve locomotion ability, a return to full function is unlikely.