Gait refers to the manner of walking and it has unique aspects apparent in each person. It is cyclic involving repeated movements of the lower and upper limbs, and also of the trunk.

Normal gait is rhythmic and characterised by alternating forward and backward motion, and weight transfer between the lower limbs. The characteristics of the gait cycle are directly affected by the speed of movement, the evenness of the ground, body weight, body symmetry, and age and health status.

During normal walking, up to 85% of the person’s weight may need to be supported by one lower limb. Each leg supports weight for approximately 64% of the cycle, and swings free for the remaining 36%. Running is characterized by periods when both feet are off the ground, and therefore requires greater strength, joint mobility and balance.

As strength, mobility or balance decrease people tend to take shorter steps and reduce the time for which only one leg supports weight. Walking aids allow the arms to help with balance and weight support. This improves walking speed and stamina for those with limited strength and mobility while a wheelchair can assist those whose capability is further impaired.

For more information on walking, see Rose (1994) Rose J and Gamble JG (1994) Human Walking. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore USA